Current Temperature Rise:

• As of 2023, global temperatures have already risen by approximately 1.1°C compared to pre-industrial levels, with significant warming trends observed.

IPCC Projections:

• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that if current trends continue, the 20-year average global temperature is expected to exceed 1.5°C in the early 2030s, regardless of emission reductions.

Emissions Trajectory:

• Current pledges under the Paris Agreement may still lead to a temperature rise of about 2.7°C by the end of the century, indicating that significant action is needed to prevent crossing critical thresholds.

Impact of Exceeding 1.5°C:

• Exceeding 1.5°C is associated with severe impacts, including increased frequency of extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and heightened risks of lethal heatwaves affecting human survival.