Must be a country's leader (for governments with both, either head of state or head of government is fine, even if ceremonial) as of November 1st, local time, or become such by question close. Doesn't need to die "in office".
Edge case example: a president who leaves office the third day of the month but then dies the fifth counts.
Key Links:
Presidents, Prime Ministers, Monarchs, etc. (most of these are valid, see caveat below)
Caveat: members of a council that is itself the Head count, but "deputies" "vices" and "assistants" where there is a higher seat do not.
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NB: Ismail Haniyeh is listed as a Head of the government of Hamas and would qualify (as specified in last month's market), assuming he retains the position and has survived by the start of November
@Shump I agree, but it's an equivalent tier government as listed in the link on wikipedia.