Resolution: YES if, by 00:00 UTC on Jan 1, 2032, at least one prophylactic EBV vaccine (an active immunization product) has received regulatory authorization for use to prevent EBV infection or EBV‑associated disease (e.g., infectious mononucleosis, post‑transplant lymphoproliferative disease) from any of the following: FDA (U.S.), EMA (EU), MHRA (U.K.), PMDA (Japan), NMPA (China), Health Canada, TGA (Australia), or if the product appears on the WHO Emergency Use Listing (EUL) or the WHO prequalification (PQ) list for EBV prevention.
What counts:
Prophylactic EBV vaccines intended to prevent infection and/or clinical disease (e.g., Moderna’s mRNA‑1189; ferritin‑nanoparticle vaccines; other platforms).
Approvals may be for specific age/risk groups or limited indications (e.g., prevention of mono in adolescents, or prevention of EBV disease in transplant recipients). Any formal regulatory approval/authorization meeting the above criteria counts.
What doesn’t count:
Therapeutic or adoptive cellular products (e.g., EBV‑specific T‑cell therapies), passive monoclonal antibodies, or other non‑vaccine interventions.
Positive trial readouts, preprints, or press releases without a regulator’s authorization/approval/EUL/PQ as defined above.
Animal‑only data or compassionate‑use access without an authorization.
Edge cases & tiebreakers:
If multiple approvals exist, the earliest qualifying action before the deadline resolves YES.
If an approval is announced by a regulator before the deadline but is clearly dated to take legal effect after Jan 1, 2032, this resolves NO.
Withdrawn/suspended approvals before the deadline do not count; if suspension occurs after the deadline, a prior valid approval still counts.
Name changes, label updates, or manufacturing‑site approvals without an underlying product authorization do not count.
Primary sources for resolution (non‑exhaustive): official regulator databases (FDA Biologics approvals; EMA/CHMP decisions; MHRA, PMDA, NMPA, Health Canada, TGA websites), and the WHO EUL/PQ listings.
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