Each option resolves YES if, within a year of artificial superintelligence (ASI) being created (and not killing us all), it is able to create computer hardware that can run the ASI itself and theoretically be able to survive these temperatures being continuously applied to the entire external surface for an arbitrary duration. Survival in this case means the resulting computer can resume running afterwards without outside intervention, at a level that still qualifies as an ASI, even if performance is degraded relative to before. The hardware can include any armour/insulation layers needed, not just the computronium itself.
Other potentially relevant temperatures for context:
0 C = 273 K (melting point of water ice)
100 C = 373 K (boiling point of water)
121 C = 394 K (high temperature limit of extremophile archaea microbes - Extremophile - Wikipedia)
300 C = 573 K (high temperature limit of current typical computer memory chips - www.newscientist.com)
3687 K (melting point of tungsten, highest presently known metal - Tungsten - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table (rsc.org))
4098 K (sublimation point of carbon e.g. diamond - Carbon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table (rsc.org))
4400 K (melting point of hafnium carbonitride, highest presently known substance - Melting point - Wikipedia)
5400-5700 K (Earth's core - Full article: Temperature and composition of the Earth's core (tandfonline.com))
Sources for answer option temperatures:
Melting point of silicon - Silicon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table (rsc.org)
Solar photosphere and core - The Sun's Vital Statistics (stanford.edu)
Lightning strike - Understanding Lightning: Thunder (weather.gov)
Thermonuclear bomb - Introduction to Nuclear Weapon Physics and Design (nuclearweaponarchive.org)
Supernova - Supernova - Wikipedia, https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physrep.2007.02.002
Planck temperature - CODATA Value: Planck temperature (nist.gov)