El Salvador is one of the first sovereign nations to declare Bitcoin a legal tender. Nayib Bukele, the pro-Bitcoin president of El Salvador, pushes through the move against IMF pressure to issue bonds backed by Bitcoin, dubbed the 'Volcano Bonds', to pay sovereign debt, and to fund the construction of the Bitcoin City, which is slated to be built at the base of the Conchagua volcano and contain Bitcoin mining infrastructure.

However, owing to fluctuating market prices for Bitcoin in 2022, the formal issuance in 2022 was delayed. But in early 2023, the country passed a bill to lay the foundation of the issuance of the bond by regulating digital assets issuance.

This question will resolve to YES, if by the end of 2023, the government of El Salvador formally issues the Volcano Bonds, and the respective token(s) is/are openly available to trade on at least one exchange, centralised or decentralised. The question will resolve to NO, if (1) there is no available token to trade by year end; (2) the date of formal issuance is announced but it is after Dec 31, 2023; (3) the project is cancelled by the El Salvador government.