Major earthquakes in 2023 with death toll 1000+:
2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake
2022:
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
Resolves YES if death toll from earthquake or natural/accidental event directly caused by earthquake (tsunami, fire, train derailment) exceeds 1000
Resolves NO if the above does not occur (no event or death toll from event sub-1000)
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There have been 18 earthquakes since 2001 (inclusive) that clear the number of fatalities required for this question. Here is a list:
2001 gujarat
2002 hindu kush (afghanistan)
2003 iran
2004 indonesia
2005 kashmir
2005 indonesia
2006 indonesia
2008 sichuan
2009 indonesia
2010 haiti
2011 tohoku
2015 nepal
2018 indonesia
2021 haiti
2022 afghanistan
2023 turkey-syria
2023 morocco
2023 afghanistan
Based on this, a naive base rate calculation would give 11% to 12% odds of an earthquake clearing 1000 fatalities happening in the remaining ~ 55 days of the year. There are some arguments we might consider on top of this naive base rate:
We've already had three earthquakes that would qualify in 2023. This might suggest seismic activity in some vulnerable regions of the world, raising the odds of another such earthquake above the background base rate.
Population growth across the world might mean earthquakes have more people to kill now than they used to, though this is counteracted by the effects of economic growth making people less vulnerable to natural disasters than they had previously been. Overall, I would guess this actually pushes slightly towards fewer deadly earthquakes.
(1) especially updates me somewhat above 12%, but I don't think I would go as high as 25%, which are the current market odds. Earthquakes seem sufficiently close to Poisson distributed that we should probably not update that much on 2023: at a base rate of ~ 0.8 qualifying earthquakes/year, we expect roughly one out of 21 years to have three or more qualifying earthquakes just by chance, and in the past 21 years we've indeed only seen one - 2023.
@CertaintyOfVictory Manmade would qualify if the death toll happens as a consequence of the earthquake alone (i.e. bomb --> shaking --> dam collapse and flood would not qualify)