This market aims to forecast if any European Union (EU) member states will deploy ground combat troops to Ukraine at any point on or before December 31, 2024. 'Ground combat troops' are defined as military forces dispatched with the purpose of participating in or supporting frontline ground combat engagements. The deployment must be authorized by an official government entity of an EU member state or substantiated by at least two independent and reliable international news sources. The question excludes non-combat personnel, including trainers, advisors, or special operations forces not committed to direct combat roles. Resolution of this market will be contingent on verifiable evidence of such a deployment by the stipulated deadline.