• Under €23 000 inflation adjusted to 2023 prices using the HICP - Overall index (this will probably mean a Jan 1 2030 price of about €26 000-€28 000 in contemporaneous prices)

• after any government incentives are applied

I mean something competitive with combustion engines for the average driver, so I define it like:

• must have four doors--two in the front and two in the back (so no Mini Cooper SE)

• must go for at least 350 km (2023 mini cooper also fails this one)

• must be road-legal

• must be readily available, with consumers actually purchasing cars, so at least 10 000 year-to-date purchases, or at least 2 500 purchases in the latest quarter

• new vehicles only

• top speed over 100 km/h