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MANIFOLD
Does 0^0 = 1?
21
Ṁ390Ṁ1.1k
resolved Nov 17
Resolved
YES

To be resolved via poll at close time

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In cardinal arithmetic, 0^0 is unambiguously equal to 1. Though cardinal arithmetic doesn't include any of the complex numbers aside from the naturals, so it could be argued that it's not the right way to define 0^0 when ^ is thought of as a function on the reals or the complex numbers.

@JosephNoonan i think it can be argued it's the right way to define it as a function RxN->R (ie in polynomials)

0^n is 0 for values of n other than 0.
n^0 is 1 for values of n other than 0.
0^0 is undefined.

predictedNO

To elaborate: since you can define 0^0 in different ways to get different answers, the actual answer is (by definition) undefined. There's a wikipedia page on this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_to_the_power_of_zero which says "The choice whether to define 0^0 is based on convenience, not on correctness. If we refrain from defining 0^0, then certain assertions become unnecessarily awkward... The consensus is to use the definition 0^0 = 1, although there are textbooks that refrain from defining 0^0."

I take that to mean that 0^0 is obviously undefined, but it's useful to pretend that it has a value of 1. The article also says that some mathematicians go further and say that "0^0 has to be 1", but I regard that as obvious nonsense. It may be a useful fiction to pretend that it has a value of 1, but the actual value is clearly undefined.

predictedYES

@DanielParker "0^n is 0 for values of n greater than 0" -- FTFY.

@DanielParker there isn't some objectively correct answer as to whether 0^0 is defined, unless you have some established framework for continuing a partially-defined function. but any such framework is, to some extent, an arbitrary choice.

Does it have to be some number other than 1 for this to resolve as "No" whereas it being undefined would resolve this as "N/A"? or would it being undefined resolve this as "No" as well?

@ArmandodiMatteo undefined is no

predictedYES

Does the google calculator count as an authority on this?

@JaredBJonas I mean, that comes down to what poll respondents think

predictedYES

@April Understood, thanks. I’m just offering a thought to support the answer of “1”.

Also, it’s not explicitly specified here, but am I correct that the poll which will determine this resolution is:

https://manifold.markets/JosephNoonan/what-is-00

And that a resolution of “1” there will resolve this market as “YES”, while a resolution of “0”, “Other”, or “Undefined” there will resolve this market as “NO”?

@JaredBJonas ...oh there's another poll. hmm.

@April i can imagine three possible resolution methods here:

  1. "Does 1 have a plurality in that poll?"

  2. "Does 1 have > 50% in that poll?"

  3. Run a separate poll

Would anyone like to express an opinion on which of these is best?

predictedYES

@April I'm not sure I understand what your original intention was - with the description here of "To be resolved via poll at close time" did you plan to start a new poll at the time this market would close? I'm sure it's obvious, but because that other poll had been created an hour before you created this market, I assumed they were related. I'm guessing some other people who have commented here assumed the same because they made similar comments about the mathematics on that other poll also.

Anyway, I don't have a strong opinion either way, as I think my wager here is not really impacted by what you choose to do. My suggestion is to just use the existing poll created by @JosephNoonan for this market, and with the specifics I mentioned above: a resolution of “1” there will resolve this market as “YES”, while a resolution of “0”, “Other”, or “Undefined” there will resolve this market as “NO”. I think that would be fair if anyone who already wagered on this market made the same assumption I did that this was already the case. Either way, I'm fine with any decision you make as this is your market. :-)

@JaredBJonas It's possible that my poll will resolve to 1 even while 1 only has a plurality (it currently has an outright majority, but it's not that big). If this market does resolve based on my poll, I think it would be more in line with the stated criteria of this market to resolve YES if 1 gets an outright majority, and NO if it gets a minority (even if that minority is a plurality). And I guess 50% if it gets exactly 50% of the votes? Mainly because this market didn't say the poll would have multiple options, so it was implied that it would just be a yes or no poll on whether 0^0=1.

@JosephNoonan Though even then, it's probably more in line with the criteria for the creator to just make a yes/no poll at close.

@JosephNoonan i simply did not realize someone else made a poll when i made the market is the issue; the plan was for a yes/no at close, so maybe i'll just do that? open to arguments to resolve based on the already existing poll though.

predictedYES

@April I assumed from reading this market description you would make a poll yourself.

@April I had the same assumption as Floris. The poll I made wasn't meant to be connected to this market, I made it in response to a comment on a different market.

@JosephNoonan okay looks like most people expected a new poll so i'll plan to do that unless i get multiple objections

predictedYES

@April It sounds like your original plan is the most agreeable to everyone. Like I said, it wouldn’t change any bets I made here anyway. Thanks!

predictedYES

@April FWIW I made no assumption about which poll would resolve this