The current permanent members are the US, the UK, France, Russia, and China, as far as I can tell purely due to them being the successor states to the most powerful countries on the winning side of WW2.

In my opinion it seems it would be most fair if we had no permanent members and either no country or every country had veto power, but given that the very existence of said membership permanence and veto power is self preserving, perhaps a more achievable goal is expansion rather than abolition.

The countries mentioned in the title all have both a larger population than the smallest current member (the UK) and a higher GDP than the poorest current member (Russia), thus it seems especially unfair for them to be excluded from a geopolitical power dynamics perspective.