Homo sapiens is used to roughly mean humans as we know them now, with perhaps some minor augmentation. But arguing minutia on this point shouldn't really be relevant to this question.

Resolution:

This market will resolve by the earlier of the close date or when 25 unique traders have bought positions. Bots excluded. This is a short-term market. I will open a subsequent market out a longer period with a higher minimum threshold of unique traders if this gets activity. Subsequent market will be seeded with best answers from first market.

I will manually count unique traders, and everyone gets one vote based on your very first buy. The vote is not weighted by Mana, just one vote per trader. If we exceed 25 traders before I notice and close, I will still count all unique traders.

I have seeded some resolutions and voted my answer first. :-)

If you are adding a new criteria, please keep the title short and add comments for clarification.

Additional Thoughts:

Low Earth Orbit and the moon don’t qualify, but that’s not really the question. Space stations in orbit around the sun near asteroids for mining colonies could. As well as colonies on Mars or Jupiter moons. However, just because these exist, doesn’t mean humans have permanently left earth. What would qualify?

I’ve listed some possible criteria below, it might even be two or three of these together. Create a new answer combining them if so.

Self-Sustaining Colonies are a logical answer, but it certainly plausible that colonies exist to mine resources and trade with Earth? How would you be able to prove sustainability if there is constant trade? Sure we don’t need meat, we can live on our hydroponics, but meat from earth represents a significant portion of everyone’s diet. Perhaps we are very adept at manufactured proteins and any other resources so that the colony is almost sustainable from day one, but only has a few colonists such that the gene pool is insufficient for safe reproduction and sustainability in that manner.

Multi-Generational Reproduction? The first female child born in a colony grows to an age on that colony and gives birth to offspring herself. Perhaps she is grown in an artificial environment and her DNA is used to then conceive and grow her offspring.

Independent Governance? That seems like it would still happen fairly early while being highly dependent on outside resources.

Populations Size TBD? Sufficient size to maintain viability as a human colony. If this answer wins, I’ll open a market to find out the rough population required.

Resilience to Catastrophe? Not just self-sustainability, or perhaps self-sustainability better defined. A colony that can experience a catastrophe and survive independently.

Cultural Development? Unique culture that is different than that of the earth.

Reproducibility? The ability to create a new colony elsewhere from the first colony.