From https://metaculus.com/questions/14145/will-vs-code-maintain-popularity-until-2030/

The first non-preview release of Visual Studio Code was in 2016, that year it was ranked 13th most popular IDE in the Stack Overflow developer survey results under the category 'Development Environments'. In 2017 it was 5th. It was ranked 1st every year since except for 2020 where the question about IDEs was not asked.

Stack Overflow has surveyed software developers every year since 2011. One of the survey questions is around which development tools the respondent has used regularly over the previous year. You can find the results of all previous developer surveys on the Stack Overflow Annual Developer Survey website.