What the evidence base will look like at the July 2028 close. Mice: rapamycin is the most reproducible result in the NIA Interventions Testing Program, median lifespan up 23 to 26% at the highest dose, significant in 14 of 16 DrugAge rows. People: the one completed randomized trial, PEARL (114 adults aged 50 to 85, 5 or 10 mg weekly for 48 weeks; Aging, April 2025), missed its primary endpoint of visceral fat and reported secondary gains in lean mass and pain in women, with no difference in adverse events. Dogs: TRIAD is funded through November 2029 and Loyal's STAY study runs up to four years from a July 2025 enrolment close, so a lifespan readout from either before mid-2028 is unlikely. That structurally favours "too early to tell" over the two confident options. TRIAD record with sources (mine): https://w0lph.github.io/k9/trials/triad-rapamycin.html

Test of Rapamycin in Aging Dogs (TRIAD): canine aging trial registry record

TRIAD is a parallel-group, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial that will test whether rapamycin prolongs lifespan and improves healthspan metrics in healthy, middle-aged, large-breed dogs recruited from Dog Aging Project participants. The hypothesis is that a one-year co