An AI program writes a correct proof that the Riemann hypothesis is either true, false, or undecidable (within the axioms of complex analysis) before 2035.
Criteria for YES:
(1) The proof must be vetted and approved by qualified humans in the same way that any paper would be checked for publication. The method for verifying the proof must be acceptable to the editors of the Annals of Mathematics or an equivalently prestigious journal. This means that if the editors of the Annals think it is okay for humans to use a computer to check the proof, then that's fine.
(2) The proof must primarily be the work of the AI. It cannot be a human-AI collaboration. The key creative moves in the proof must be the creation of the AI. If a human Mathematician or Computer Scientist assists the AI, it must be the same way that the people who developed AlphaGo, AlphaZero (for chess), or Stockfish have 'assisted' those programs.
The criteria may be changed if a Mathematician with expertise in the relevant area tells me that my criteria are dumb and suggests better criteria. That discussion will happen in the comments.
[If a human proves the Riemann Hypothesis first, this resolves as NO.]
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Interesting that it's 40% by 2030 but only 50% by 2035. In other words, conditional on it not happening in the next 3.5y, only 10% chance it happens in the following 5y? I can't say that's wrong, but it's interesting. If I was one of these "AI to the moon, graph only goes up" people I would probably think it's wrong.
@pietrokc it suggests that people are putting weight on foom-like things happening in maths. That thinking essentially collapses to a dichotomy: either we're in the fast world or the slow world
My guess is that there's roughly a 40% chance that the capability of producing a valid RH proof gets enclosed by "GPT-6 / Fable-5" class math models. If there are race dynamics then that weights the likelihood of the first valid proof of RH emerging early within this model generation. Hence a surprisingly high chance of a valid proof emerging in 2026.
@0xseraphim I'm curious where you get the 40%.
You're giving this 40% now, but like, they won't stop coming out with new model generations. When GPT-6 fails to solve RH, will you say 40% that GPT-7 solves it, and so on? With a new generation every 2-3y, that would amount to a better than 1 - (0.6)^4 = 87% chance it gets it by 2035. And conditional on not getting it by 2030, a 64% chance it solves RH by 2035.
@pietrokc no I don't think so. If we're in 2030 and it's still not solved then my probability for this "occurring soon" would start to drop off rapidly. I don't consider those probabilities to be independent as your formula implies. I don't think you can just multiply them together like that in the real world.
@Simon74fe Note that this approach is fundamentally powerless to prove RH. The best it can do is show that 100% of zeroes are on the critical line. However, RH means ALL the zeroes are on the critical line. (Since there are countably many zeroes, you could have a finite or even infinite but sparse set be off the line, and still the fraction on the line be 100%. Much like the fraction of integers that are not perfect squares is 100%.)
