If Democrats do not win a trifecta (the presidency, senate, and house) this question will resolve N/A on Jan 3rd, 2025.
Otherwise, each answer will individually be resolved based on whether the event in question occurs before the end of the 119th congress (Jan 3rd, 2027).
Feel free to add more options, but please keep them objective and measurable.
Something to keep in mind: of the possible worlds where Democrats win the senate, most of them have Democrats winning 51 seats or 50+VP.
According to the Cook Political Report, of the 49 seats currently held by Republicans Ted Cruz and Rick Scott's seats are remotely competitive, and they're still probably going red. On the other hand, Democrats have 1 seat that's virtually guaranteed to go red, while another 3 are "tossup" or "lean R". If Democrats win the senate, it's going to be close.
@creator How do court rulings affect these? Do these resolve yes as soon as a bill is signed, or does it need to withstand a court challenge as well? What if court challenges are still ongoing at the end of the term?
@BrunoParga Less flippantly, they could argue abortion rights are part of the equal protection clausw of the 14th amendment, which Congress is authorized to enforce.
Now, in countries that actually protect their Constitution, the Supreme Court would order Congress to pass such a law within a given time frame, as the Constitution cannot be left without effect due to Congressional omission; they might even decide on provisional rules themselves while Congress does not act.
But American constitutional law lacks many things we take for granted elsewhere, so...
Article 3, section 1 says:
The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.
Which on my reading does imply lifetime appointments as long as they don't misbehave. I've heard it argued that you could create emeritus positions on the Supreme Court, which would allow justices to keep their same rate of pay and also serve on the lower courts from time to time if they wanted. This would allow justices to keep their "office" while stripping them of authority to rule in the highest level cases. The constitutionality of such a plan would of course be decided by....the Supreme Court.