Participants are encouraged to provide well-reasoned explanations, supported by historical and doctrinal evidence, to inform the discussion.

Background:

The papacy is the highest office in the Roman Catholic Church. In practice, the pope is almost always chosen from among the cardinals, who are senior church officials appointed by the pope. (simplycatholic.com)

Historically, the election of a pope from outside the College of Cardinals is exceedingly rare, with the last such instance occurring in 1378 when Urban VI was elected. (learnreligions.com) Additionally, the pope serves as the Bishop of Rome.

Considerations:

• Racism: The Catholic Church's teachings and canon law contain numerous discriminatory tenets.

• Historical Precedents: Throughout history, the Pope has often been allied with the Catholic Church, an organization accused of many problematic and discriminatory actions.

• The Patriarchy: The hierarchical nature of the Catholic Church means that potential candidates for the papacy are typically drawn from its own clergy, particularly the College of Cardinals. This internal selection process further discriminates in favor of Catholics.

Participants are encouraged to consider these factors when discussing the reasons behind the absence of a Muslim pope in history.