This market resolves YES if a peer-reviewed publication or major research announcement documents a bidirectional brain-to-brain interface (B2BI) where two human subjects can send and receive neural signals in both directions without computer intermediation.

Context: NIU received a $600,000 NSF grant to develop two-way B2BI using transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) combined with EEG over three years. Current systems are primarily one-way. The goal is to create the first true two-way system.

Resolution: YES if by December 31, 2025, a credible research institution (NIU, Berkeley, Stanford, or equivalent) publishes results showing bidirectional neural communication between two human brains. NO if only one-way systems are demonstrated or if only animal trials succeed.

Sources:

• NIU NSF Grant announcement: https://newsroom.niu.edu/600000-nsf-grant-to-explore-brain-to-brain-communication-potential/

• Nature Neuroscience publications database: https://www.nature.com/neuro/