For the purposes of this question, "Europe" excludes Russia, Ukraine and Belarus as well as countries which might be considered "partly in Europe" (e.g. Turkey, Kazakhstan) or "associated with Europe" (e.g. Armenia), or a de-facto independent, unrecognized states associated with Russia (e.g. Transnistria, Abkhazia). Please ask if you think there are other unclear cases.

Resolves "yes" if Putin visits Europe during his lifetime. If he goes involuntarily, e.g. due to being extradited to face charges in Europe, I will not consider that to be a "visit".

Resolves "no" if Putin dies without a positive resolution.